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The most important stride in the field was made at the
beginning ofthe eighteenth century. Raja Jai Singh, under the patronage of
Emperor Muhammad Shah, established observatories at a number of places, such as
Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Benaras and Mathura. He paid special attention to the
instruments for fixing time and determining latitudes.
A familiarity with the knowledge of specific gravity and
laws of motion, based on classic sources, was shown by Abu’l Fazl (d. 1603).
The application of measures of specific gravity were given a practical turn by
Akbar when he sought to determine the
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